Lansoprazole - contraindications, use, dosage, indications

Lansoprazole, a type of proton pump inhibitor, works by decreasing the amount of acid produced in the stomach. It achieves this action by binding to an enzyme in the stomach lining known as the gastric proton pump or the H+/K+ ATPase enzyme. This enzyme is found on the secretory surface of parietal cells and is involved in the final step of gastric acid production.

Once lansoprazole binds to this enzyme, it inhibits the movement of hydrogen ions, a key component of stomach acid, into the stomach. This results in a significant reduction in the secretion of stomach acid, thereby relieving symptoms related to acid reflux diseases.

It's important to note that lansoprazole's action is dose-dependent. This means that the degree of acid suppression is related to the dosage administered. Higher doses will result in greater suppression of acid production. Also, the duration of action of lansoprazole lasts up to 24 hours, making it effective for once-daily dosing.

Lansoprazole is a proton pump inhibitor that is usually prescribed for conditions related to the stomach's production of excess acid. It is important to note that Lansoprazole is not used as an immediate relief for heartburn symptoms.

Here are key indications for the use of Lansoprazole:

• Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD): This is a condition where the stomach acid frequently flows back into the tube connecting your mouth and stomach (esophagus). With Lansoprazole, the quantity of acid produced in the stomach is reduced, hence, alleviating the symptoms of GERD.
• Peptic Ulcers: Lansoprazole is often used in the treatment of peptic ulcers which occur when the stomach's protective lining is eroded by its acid. It helps by decreasing the amount of acid your stomach makes.
• Zollinger-Ellison Syndrome: This is a rare condition in which tumors in the pancreas or duodenum cause the stomach to produce too much acid, resulting in peptic ulcers. Lansoprazole helps to control the stomach acid production.

In addition, Lansoprazole is also used in conjunction with antibiotics for the treatment of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori), a bacteria that can lead to ulcers. This combination helps to kill the bacteria and heal the ulcers.

It is crucial to take Lansoprazole as directed by your healthcare provider and not to use it for a longer term than recommended. Despite its benefits, long-term use of Lansoprazole can lead to serious side effects.

While Lansoprazole is a common and generally well-tolerated medication used for treating and preventing stomach and intestinal ulcers, certain contraindications exist for its usage. It is crucial to understand these contraindications to ensure the safe and effective use of this medication.

Firstly, Lansoprazole should not be used by individuals who are allergic to it or to similar drugs (such as dexlansoprazole, omeprazole). Symptoms of an allergic reaction may include rash, itching, swelling, severe dizziness, or trouble breathing.

Secondly, Lansoprazole might not be suitable for individuals with certain medical conditions. People with liver disease may have to use Lansoprazole with caution, as the medication might cause the liver to work harder, potentially leading to liver damage. Moreover, people with a certain type of adrenal gland tumor (pheochromocytoma) should avoid using Lansoprazole altogether.

Patients with osteoporosis or low bone mineral density should also use Lansoprazole cautiously. Long-term use of Lansoprazole can increase the risk of bone fractures, particularly in the hip, wrist, or spine. Therefore, the lowest effective dose and shortest duration of therapy should be used in such patients.

Lastly, Lansoprazole should not be used together with medications containing rilpivirine (a medication used to treat HIV). The combination of these two medications can result in reduced effectiveness of rilpivirine.

These contraindications underline the importance of informing your healthcare professional about your medical history and any other medications you are currently using before starting treatment with Lansoprazole.

Like all medicines, Lansoprazole can cause side effects, although not everybody gets them. These side effects can range from mild to severe, and some may require medical attention. It's important to remember that the benefits of this medication usually outweigh the potential risks.

Common side effects of Lansoprazole include:

• Stomach pain or discomfort
• Nausea or vomiting
• Constipation or diarrhea
• Headache
• Dizziness

Less common but more serious side effects can include:

• Allergic reactions such as skin rash, itching, or swelling of the face, lips, or tongue
• Yellowing of the skin or eyes (jaundice)
• Unusual bruising or bleeding
• Extreme fatigue
• Signs of kidney problems, such as changes in the amount of urine

If you experience any of these side effects, it's important to contact your healthcare provider immediately.

Please remember that this is not a complete list of possible side effects. If you notice other effects not listed above, contact your doctor or pharmacist.

The recommended dosage of Lansoprazole can vary significantly depending on the condition being treated, the patient's age, their general health, and other factors. Therefore, it should always be used under the supervision of a healthcare provider.

For adults, standard treatment of gastric ulcers typically involves a daily dosage of 30mg. This is usually taken once daily, for a period of up to 8 weeks. For the treatment of duodenal ulcers, the typical dosage is also 30mg daily, but the treatment period is usually 4 weeks.

In cases of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), adults and children 12 years and older might require 15mg or 30mg daily, depending on the severity of the symptoms. This treatment usually lasts for up to 8 weeks. For children under 12, a doctor will determine the most appropriate dosage.

For the eradication of H. pylori bacteria causing ulcers, a daily dosage of 30mg is usually combined with other medications. The treatment duration is commonly one or two weeks.

It is essential to take Lansoprazole before meals, as this increases the medicine's effectiveness. Despite the dosage guidelines, it is crucial to always follow the doctor's instructions, as they will advise a dosage based on the patient's specific circumstances.

Missed doses should be taken as soon as remembered, but if it's close to the time of the next dose, it is better to skip the missed one. Never take a double dose to make up for a missed one. If an overdose is suspected, seek medical help immediately.

Lansoprazole is primarily used for the treatment of conditions where there is too much acid in the stomach. This includes stomach ulcers, gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), and Zollinger-Ellison syndrome. It works by reducing the amount of acid your stomach makes.

It may also be used before and after certain surgeries to prevent stomach ulcers. This includes surgeries where the stomach or intestines may be left open to the air. In such cases, Lansoprazole can help protect the stomach lining and reduce the risk of ulcers forming.

Another use of Lansoprazole is in the treatment of Helicobacter Pylori infections. In these cases, it is usually used alongside antibiotics to help get rid of the bacteria causing the infection.

Finally, Lansoprazole may sometimes be used to prevent stomach ulcers in people who are at high risk. This includes people who take nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) regularly.

When using Lansoprazole, several precautions should be taken to ensure safe and effective treatment. This proton pump inhibitor is generally well-tolerated, but it is essential to consider certain factors before starting therapy.

Firstly, patients with a known hypersensitivity to Lansoprazole or any components of the formulation should avoid using this medication. An allergic reaction may manifest as skin rash, itching, swelling, dizziness, or difficulty breathing. If you experience any of these symptoms, discontinue use and seek immediate medical attention.

Secondly, long-term use of Lansoprazole can lead to Vitamin B12 deficiency, especially in older adults. Regular monitoring of vitamin B12 levels is advised for individuals on prolonged therapy.

It's also important to note that Lansoprazole is not recommended for immediate relief of heartburn symptoms. It may take up to four days to feel the full effect of this medication. Patients should not increase their dose or take this medication more often than prescribed, as it may increase the risk of side effects.

Additionally, Lansoprazole may interact with other medications, including warfarin, digoxin, and certain antifungal drugs. Therefore, patients should inform their healthcare provider of all the medications they are currently taking, including prescription drugs, over-the-counter medications, and herbal supplements.

Pregnant women and nursing mothers should use Lansoprazole only if the potential benefit justifies the potential risk to the fetus or infant. Although studies have not shown Lansoprazole to be harmful to unborn babies, it's still important to discuss the risks and benefits with your doctor.

Lastly, patients should avoid alcohol consumption while taking Lansoprazole as it can increase the risk of stomach damage.

When taking Lansoprazole, it's crucial to be aware of potential interactions with other medications. This drug may interact with several types of medications, which could either diminish its effectiveness or lead to unwanted side effects. Therefore, a comprehensive understanding of these possible interactions can help prevent adverse reactions and ensure optimal treatment outcomes.

Firstly, Lansoprazole may interact with certain types of antifungal medications, such as ketoconazole and itraconazole. The acid-reducing effect of Lansoprazole can hinder the absorption of these antifungal drugs, rendering them less effective. Therefore, if you're prescribed these antifungals, your doctor may need to adjust your dosages or timing of your medication.

Another significant interaction can occur with anticoagulants like warfarin. Lansoprazole might increase the blood-thinning effect of warfarin, leading to an increased risk of bleeding. Regular monitoring of blood clotting time (INR) may be required if these medications are used together.

Additionally, Lansoprazole may interact with certain types of anti-HIV drugs, such as atazanavir and nelfinavir. The reduced stomach acid levels caused by Lansoprazole can affect the absorption of these medications, potentially reducing their effectiveness in treating HIV infection.

Lastly, other medications like theophylline, digoxin, and methotrexate may also interact with Lansoprazole. Theophylline levels can be increased when used with Lansoprazole, necessitating close monitoring of blood theophylline levels. Lansoprazole can also increase digoxin absorption, possibly leading to digoxin toxicity. Moreover, concomitant use with methotrexate may lead to increased methotrexate levels, enhancing its side effects.

These are not all possible interactions. It's essential to discuss all medications, including over-the-counter drugs and dietary supplements, with your healthcare provider before starting Lansoprazole.

When it comes to the price of Lansoprazole, it can vary widely depending on the location, pharmacy, and insurance coverage. However, generally, the cost is considered to be affordable for most patients.

In the United States, Lansoprazole is available as a generic medication and is typically less expensive than the brand name version, Prevacid. The average retail price for the most common version of generic Lansoprazole is around $17 for a supply of 30 capsules, according to the pharmacy price comparison tool GoodRx.

Also, it's important to note that various patient assistance programs and coupons are available that can significantly reduce the cost of Lansoprazole. For example, GoodRx offers coupons that can bring the price down to as low as $10 for a supply of 30 capsules.

In the UK, Lansoprazole is available on the NHS, which means it can be obtained at a low cost or even free for eligible patients.

Overall, while the price of Lansoprazole can vary, with the availability of generic versions, patient assistance programs, and insurance coverage, it is generally considered to be an affordable medication for treating conditions related to excess stomach acid.

There are several alternatives to Lansoprazole that can be considered if the medication is not suitable or causing adverse side effects. These substitutes can also be considered if Lansoprazole is not available or not covered by your insurance. However, it is important to remember that each substitute has its own set of indications, dosage, and side effects and should only be taken under the guidance and prescription of a healthcare professional.

• Omeprazole: Like Lansoprazole, Omeprazole belongs to the class of drugs known as proton pump inhibitors. It works by reducing the amount of acid your stomach produces.
• Esomeprazole: Often sold under the brand name Nexium, Esomeprazole is another proton pump inhibitor that can be used as a substitute for Lansoprazole. It offers 24-hour relief from persistent heartburn caused by acid reflux disease.
• Pantoprazole: Pantoprazole is another alternative that reduces the amount of acid produced in the stomach. It's often prescribed for the treatment of erosive esophagitis and other conditions involving excess stomach acid.
• Ranitidine: Unlike the previous medications, Ranitidine falls into a class of drugs known as H2 blockers. While it also reduces the amount of acid your stomach produces, it does so in a different way than proton pump inhibitors.
• Famotidine: Famotidine, another H2 blocker, can also be used as an alternative to Lansoprazole. It is commonly used to treat and prevent ulcers in the stomach and intestines.

Always consult with your healthcare provider before switching to a substitute to ensure it is appropriate for your specific health condition and to understand any potential risks or side effects. Also, while some of these substitutes can be obtained over the counter, others may require a prescription.